Science Explained

Weight Loss Peptides Explained

Separating fact from fiction: which weight loss peptides actually work, which are unproven hype, and how to access safe, effective treatments in the UK.

The Bottom Line

GLP-1 agonists (Wegovy, Mounjaro) are the only peptides with strong evidence for weight loss. Many other "peptides" sold online have little or no human evidence and carry significant risks.

What Are Peptides?

Peptides are short chains of amino acids - the building blocks of proteins. They act as signalling molecules in the body, affecting various functions including metabolism, appetite, and hormone production.

Many hormones are peptides, including insulin and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). When people talk about "weight loss peptides," they usually mean either approved GLP-1 medications or unregulated "research peptides" sold online - two very different things.

How GLP-1 Peptides Cause Weight Loss

Appetite Reduction

Acts on brain centres that control hunger, making you feel satisfied with less food

Slowed Gastric Emptying

Food stays in stomach longer, prolonging feelings of fullness after meals

Reduced Cravings

Affects reward pathways, reducing urges for high-calorie foods

Key point: GLP-1 peptides work by making it easier to eat less naturally. You feel satisfied sooner and don't feel as hungry between meals. This isn't willpower - it's biology. Clinical trials show average weight loss of 15-25% with these medications.

Weight Loss Peptides: What's What

Proven & Approved (GLP-1 Agonists)

MHRA Approved
SemaglutideWegovy, Ozempic
Evidence: Extensive clinical trials, 15-17% weight loss
Availability: Prescription - NHS/Private

Verdict: Gold standard - proven safe and effective

TirzepatideMounjaro
Evidence: Extensive clinical trials, 20-25% weight loss
Availability: Prescription - NHS/Private

Verdict: Newest and most effective approved option

LiraglutideSaxenda, Victoza
Evidence: Extensive trials, ~8% weight loss
Availability: Prescription - NHS/Private

Verdict: Established option, less effective than newer GLP-1s

In Development (Not Yet Approved)

Clinical Trials
RetatrutideNone yet (Eli Lilly)
Evidence: Phase 3 trials ongoing, Phase 2 showed ~24% loss
Availability: Not available - still in trials

Verdict: Promising but unproven, no legitimate source exists

SurvodutideNone yet (Boehringer)
Evidence: Phase 3 trials ongoing
Availability: Not available

Verdict: Early stages, not yet proven

Unproven 'Research' Peptides

Not Approved
AOD-9604None (sold as research peptide)
Evidence: Limited human data, failed clinical trials
Availability: Unregulated online sources only

Verdict: No evidence it works, safety unknown

5-Amino-1MQNone (sold as research peptide)
Evidence: Animal studies only, no human trials
Availability: Unregulated online sources only

Verdict: No human evidence, safety unknown

CJC-1295 / IpamorelinNone (sold as research peptides)
Evidence: Limited data, primarily affects growth hormone
Availability: Unregulated online sources only

Verdict: Not primarily weight loss peptides, unproven

The Problem with "Research Peptides"

Products sold as "research peptides" or "not for human consumption" present several serious problems:

  • No evidence they work: Unlike approved GLP-1s, most have no or very limited human trial data
  • Unknown safety: Side effects and long-term risks are simply unknown
  • Unknown contents: May not contain what's claimed, or may be contaminated
  • No quality control: No sterility testing, no dose verification
  • No medical oversight: No screening for contraindications, no monitoring

How to Access Effective Weight Loss Peptides Safely

Choose approved medications

Wegovy (semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide) are the only weight loss peptides with proven efficacy and known safety profiles.

Get a prescription

See your GP, a weight management clinic, or a CQC-registered online service. Proper assessment ensures the medication is suitable for you.

Use GPhC-registered pharmacies

Only obtain medications from registered UK pharmacies. Verify online pharmacies on the GPhC register and look for the EU common logo.

Accept ongoing monitoring

Legitimate treatment includes follow-up appointments to monitor progress, adjust doses, and manage any side effects.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any weight loss treatment. Only use MHRA-approved medications from registered pharmacies.

Last updated: December 2025